Solar events and solar wind conditions associated with intense geomagnetic storms
نویسندگان
چکیده
Abstract Intense magnetic storms pose a systemic threat to the electric power grid. In this study we examined solar/interplanetary causes of such storms, their peak theoretical and observed intensities, occurrence frequency. Using coronal mass ejection (CME) solar wind data, selected 18 intense from 1996 2021 with disturbance storm time (Dst) index less than – 200 nT analyzed events conditions associated them. Approximately 83% CMEs were full halo type more flares located within 30 degrees in longitude central meridian. The integrated dawn-to-dusk field (E y ) showed good correlation |min. Dst| E yp southward interplanetary next correlations Dst|. We obtained 236 mV/m for 2500 expected upper limit Earth’s magnetosphere using empirical equations between parameters that value is possible according past observations. 54 13 March 1989 165/79 Carrington (|min. Dst|= 1760/850 nT) also obtained. analysis complimentary cumulative distribution function suggested probabilities 100, 200, 250, 340 over 100 years be 0.563, 0.110, 0.060 0.026, respectively. Graphical
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Earth, Planets and Space
سال: 2023
ISSN: ['1880-5981', '1343-8832']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-023-01843-2